Fig. 3

Principal components (PCs) calculated on the population, minute level UKBB accelerometry data using functional principal component analysis (FPCA). Solid lines represent the population average curve, dashed lines with + and - signs denote the activity patterns when adding or subtracting a specific principal component with 2 standard deviations of PC score to the average activity curve. The title of each panels explains the percentage of variations explained by each PC. PCs 1 and 2 accounts for the most of data variability of 13.7% and 10.7%. PC1 demonstrates the variability in physical activity patterns among subjects where certain subjects have higher than average activity levels, especially during earlier morning hours and afternoon to evening period. PC2 shows subjects with higher than the average activity levels in the afternoon but might be a late riser than others